Análise histológica do estômago da prole de ratas Wistar submetidas ao consumo crônico de álcool durante a prenhez / Histological analysis of stomach of offspring of Wistar rats submitted to chronic alcohol consumption during pregnancy

O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas na gravidez consiste em um importante problema de saúde pública, visto que, pode causar prejuízos na organogênese de diversos órgãos, incluindo o estômago, entretanto, poucos estudos avaliam o efeito da exposição pré-natal ao álcool nesse órgão. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar histologicamente o estômago da prole de ratas submetidas ao consumo crônico de álcool durante a prenhez. Utilizou-se 10 ratas prenhes divididas nos grupos: Controle - ratas que receberam água destilada durante todo período gestacional e Álcool ­ ratas que receberam álcool etílico absoluto (3g/kg/dia) durante todo período gestacional. Logo após o nascimento, 12 neonatos (6 machos e 6 fêmeas) de cada grupo foram anestesiados e os estômagos coletados. Posteriormente, os órgãos foram fixados e processados seguindo a técnica histológica de rotina. Foram feitas análises histomorfométricas das camadas mucosa, muscular e da parede total do estômago. Observou-se que as proles macho e fêmea expostas ao etanol apresentaram diminuição da área de epitélio, contudo, os machos também mostraram redução significativa do número de células epiteliais. Demonstrou-se ainda redução na espessura das camadas mucosa, muscular e da parede total do estômago da prole fêmea do grupo Álcool. No entanto, a camada muscular apresentou aumento significativo em sua espessura no grupo de neonatos machos expostos ao etanol. Assim, concluímos que a exposição pré-natal ao álcool provoca efeitos nocivos sobre o estômago dos neonatos, contudo, estudos futuros são necessários para melhor elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese e possíveis consequências para os animais na fase adulta.

Consumption of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy is a significant public health issue since it can damage the organogenesis of several organs, including the stomach; however, few studies evaluate the effect of prenatal exposure to alcohol in this organ. The objective of this study was to analyze the histology of the stomach of offspring of rats submitted to chronic alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Ten pregnant rats were divided into two groups: Control - rats receiving distilled water throughout the gestation period, and Alcohol - rats receiving absolute ethyl alcohol (3g/kg/day) throughout the gestation period. After birth, 12 newborn rats (6 males and 6 females) from each group were anesthetized and their stomachs were collected. Subsequently, the organs were fixed and processed following the routine histological technique. The mucosa, muscle and total stomach were submitted to histomorphometric analyses. It was observed that the male and female offspring exposed to ethanol had a decrease in the epithelium area. However, males also showed a significant reduction in the number of epithelial cells. There was also a reduction in the layer's thickness mucosa, muscle and total stomach wall of the female offspring from the alcohol group. Additionally, the muscular layer presented a significant increase in its thickness in the group of male neonates exposed to ethanol. It can be concluded that prenatal exposure to alcohol causes harmful effects on neonates' stomachs; however, future studies are necessary to better elucidate the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and possible consequences for the animals in adulthood.

Mesenteric ischemia as a cause of early death among mice infected by Schistosoma mansoni

Laboratory maintenance of the Schistosoma mansoni cycle is necessary for developing studies regarding the diagnosis, treatment and control of schistosomiasis. Within this perspective, it is paramount that mice infected by the parasite should present a minimum survival of six months. However, between October 2016 and May 2017, early deaths were observed among infected animals kept in the vivarium of the Schistosomiasis Reference Service of IAMFIOCRUZ. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to present the results obtained after investigating the main cause of death among these animals. To achieve this, animals that died or that needed to be euthanized due to clinical distress caused by parasite infection were necropsied to investigate the cause of death and clinical condition. Fragments from the intestines, mesenteric vessels and livers were removed and were subjected to histopathological studies. In addition, mouse feces were collected and analyzed using the hydrogen peroxide reaction to detect occult blood. Over an eight-month period, 70 deaths were noted. Forty two animals presented mesenteric ischemia, a vascular insufficiency syndrome that causes a reduction in the nutrient supply to the intestinal viscera. There is, therefore, a need to reduce the infective parasite load in mice to increase their survival, reduce distress caused by the infection and ensure maintenance of the S. mansoni cycle, thus enabling continuity of scientific studies on this parasitosis.

Ovarian Manson's Schistosomiasis: Rare Diagnosis or Underestimated Prevalence? / Esquistossomose mansônica no ovário: diagnóstico raro ou prevalência subestimada?

Abstract The occurrence of Manson's schistosomiasis in organs of the female reproductive tract is an uncommon event, given that the etiological agent for this disease is a blood parasite that inhabits the mesenteric veins. In this case report, a 45-year-old female patient reported that her first symptoms had been strong pain in the left iliac region around two years earlier. An endovaginal pelvic ultrasonography showed that the left ovary was enlarged, and the report suggested that this finding might be correlated with clinical data and tumor markers. After being examined at several healthcare services, the patient was referred to an oncology service due to suspected neoplasia, where she underwent a left ovariectomy. The result from the histopathological examination showed the presence of granulomatous inflammatory processes surrounding both viable and calcified eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. There was no evidence of any neoplastic tissue. The patient was medicated and followed-up as an outpatient.

Resumo A ocorrência da esquistossomose mansônica em órgãos do aparelho reprodutor feminino é um evento pouco comum, tendo em vista que o agente etiológico desta doença é um parasito sanguíneo que habita as veias mesentéricas. Neste relato decaso, uma paciente de 45 anos referiu como primeira sintomatologia fortes dores na região ilíaca esquerda há cerca de 2 anos. Uma ultrassonografia pélvica endovaginal identificou aumento do ovário esquerdo, e o laudo sugeriu correlacionar tal achado com dados clínicos e marcadores tumorais. Após passar por vários serviços de saúde, a paciente foi encaminhada para um serviço de oncologia por suspeita de neoplasia, sendo submetida a uma ovariectomia à esquerda. O resultado do exame histopatológico evidenciou a presença de processos inflamatórios granulomatosos em torno de ovos viáveis e calcificados de Schistosoma mansoni. Não houve qualquer evidência de tecido neoplásico. A paciente foi medicada, e seguiu em acompanhamento ambulatorial.

Ovarian Manson's Schistosomiasis: Rare Diagnosis or Underestimated Prevalence?

The occurrence of Manson's schistosomiasis in organs of the female reproductive tract is an uncommon event, given that the etiological agent for this disease is a blood parasite that inhabits the mesenteric veins. In this case report, a 45-year-old female patient reported that her first symptoms had been strong pain in the left iliac region around two years earlier. An endovaginal pelvic ultrasonography showed that the left ovary was enlarged, and the report suggested that this finding might be correlated with clinical data and tumor markers. After being examined at several healthcare services, the patient was referred to an oncology service due to suspected neoplasia, where she underwent a left ovariectomy. The result from the histopathological examination showed the presence of granulomatous inflammatory processes surrounding both viable and calcified eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. There was no evidence of any neoplastic tissue. The patient was medicated and followed-up as an outpatient.

A ocorrência da esquistossomose mansônica em órgãos do aparelho reprodutor feminino é um evento pouco comum, tendo em vista que o agente etiológico desta doença é um parasito sanguíneo que habita as veias mesentéricas. Neste relato de caso, uma paciente de 45 anos referiu como primeira sintomatologia fortes dores na região ilíaca esquerda há cerca de 2 anos. Uma ultrassonografia pélvica endovaginal identificou aumento do ovário esquerdo, e o laudo sugeriu correlacionar tal achado com dados clínicos e marcadores tumorais. Após passar por vários serviços de saúde, a paciente foi encaminhada para um serviço de oncologia por suspeita de neoplasia, sendo submetida a uma ovariectomia à esquerda. O resultado do exame histopatológico evidenciou a presença de processos inflamatórios granulomatosos em torno de ovos viáveis e calcificados de Schistosoma mansoni. Não houve qualquer evidência de tecido neoplásico. A paciente foi medicada, e seguiu em acompanhamento ambulatorial.

First record of prostatic schistosomiasis in Pernambuco, Brazil: signs of chronicity in an endemic disease

Schistosomiasis has affected the rural population of Pernambuco, Brazil, for centuries. The hepatosplenic and neurological manifestations of this parasitosis have often been described. However, prostatic schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni had never been registered in Pernambuco, thus the importance of this particular case being reported. Case presentation: This report records the first case of prostatic schistosomiasis in Pernambuco. A 51-year-old patient underwent partial prostatectomy due to possible cancer and was diagnosed with this ectopic form of schistosomiasis. After the surgical procedure, stool samples were collected to run Kato-Katz parasitological tests, which were positive for S. mansoni, thus confirming that the patient was still infected. Laboratory blood tests and clinical examination showed alterations in liver function and confirmed the presence of hepatointestinal damage. Patient monitoring evidenced that the prostate-specific antigen levels remained high and, one year after the first surgical intervention, a new prostatic puncture showed that schistosomiasis and fibromatosis lesions remained present. It is noteworthy that after triple praziquantel treatment (April 2014, July 2014, February 2015) parasitological stool examinations were all negative for S. mansoni. In conclusion this accidental diagnosis of prostatic schistosomiasis raises doubts regarding the ability of healthcare services to identify and treat ectopic schistosomiasis. The persistently high levels of PSA even after surgical and pharmacological treatment, indicate irreversible damage to tissue caused by S. mansoni. Therefore, healthcare services need to be prepared to investigate and diagnose these cases, with a view to preventing chronic sequelae through early treatment

Histomorfometria testicular do morcego Phyllostomus discolor (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) em áreas de Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco / Histomorphometry Testis the bat Phyllostomus discolor (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in areas of Atlantic Forest of Pernambuco

Este estudo analisou a condição reprodutiva, por meio da histomorfometria, de P. discolor coletados em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica do litoral sul de Pernambuco, durante as estações seca e chuvosa. Os animais são de coleção e foram classificados de acordo com a posição testicular (descendentes e não descendentes). Para as análises histomorfométricas, foram selecionados aleatoriamente 18 espécimes durante as estações seca e chuvosa, dos quais (n = 11) com testículos descendentes e (n = 7) com testículos não descendentes. Os resultados demonstraram que as maiores médias da área de ocupação dos túbulos seminíferos foram na estação chuvosa, independente dos espécimes apresentarem os testículos descendentes ou não. Isso pode estar relacionado a um maior investimento em produção espermática, já que na estação chuvosa, existe uma maior disponibilidade de alimentos devido às precipitações pluviométricas.

This study analyzed the reproductive condition, by histomorphometry, of P. discolor collected in forest fragments of the South Coast of Pernambuco during the dry and rainy seasons. The animals are Collection and were classified according to the position testicular (descendants and not descendants). For histomorphometric analysis, 18 were randomly selected specimens during the rainy and dry seasons, being (n = 11) with descendant testicles and (n = 7) with testicles no descendant. The results showed that the highest area average occupancy of the seminiferous tubules were in the rainy season, regardless of the present specimens the testes descendant or not. This may be related to a greater investment in sperm production, since the rainy season, there is a greater availability of food due to rainfall.

Dermatomiosite: revisäo da literatura / Dermatomyositis: literature review

A dermatomiosite é uma doença rara, que se caracteriza pelo comprometimento da pele e músculos estriados, sendo classificada como doença auto-imune. A etiologia e a etiopatogenia da dermatomiosite permanecem obscuras. Como é uma doença sistêmica, suas manifestações clínicas säo de interesse de diversas áreas das ciências médicas, exigindo a interaçäo entre profissionais de especialidades diferentes, como clínicos gerais, dermatologistas, oftalmologistas, cardiologistas, estomatologistas, fisioterapeutas, fonoaudiólogos e neneticistas. Este trabalho descreve os aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e terapêuticos desta moléstia